Shot note on Snakes

Snake

    Snakes are carnivorous reptiles of the suborder serpentes.Also its legless and elongated. Snakes are ectothermic,amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaw. Some species retain a pelvic gridle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have evolved elongate bodies with out limbs or with greatly reduced limbs about twenty five times independently via convergent evaluation, leading to many lineages of legless lizards. Legless lizards resemble snake, but several common group of legless lizards have eyelids and external ears, which snakes lack, although this rule is not universal.

Snakes

             Living snakes do not found in Antarctica,Ireland,Green land,New zeland and some islands.
Most species are nonvenomous and those that have venom use it primarily to kill and subdue prey rather than for self-defense. Some possess venom potent enough to cause painful injury or death to humans.And the Nonvenomous Snakes either swallow prey alive or kill by construction. The fossil evidence said that sankes are originated from burrowing lizzards, such as the vavanids during the cretaceous period.

Snakes

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Basic Information About Bees

Honey bee

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African Elephants

African elephant's

African elephant is very different from other elephants.It has elongated nose and upper lip for smelling. When an elephant drinks, it sucks as much as 2 gallons (7.5 liters) of water into its trunk at a time. Then it curls its trunk under, sticks the tip of its trunk into its mouth, and blows. Out comes the water, right down the elephant's throat. Since African elephants live where the sun is usually blazing hot, they use their trunks to help them keep cool. First they squirt a trunkful of cool water over their bodies. Then they often follow that with a sprinkling of dust to create a protective layer of dirt on their skin. Elephants pick up and spray dust the same way they do water—with their trunks.

Family of elephant

Group of African elephants

African elephants are more strong. Elephants also use their trunks as snorkels when they wade in deep water. An elephant's trunk is controlled by many muscles. Two fingerlike parts on the tip of the trunk allow the elephant to perform delicate maneuvers such as picking a berry from the ground or plucking a single leaf off a tree. Elephants can also use its trunk to grasp an entire tree branch and pull it down to its mouth and to yank up clumps of grasses and shove the greenery into their mouths.
When an elephant gets a whiff of something interesting, it sniffs the air with its trunk raised up like a submarine periscope.If threatened, an elephant will also use its trunk to make loud trumpeting noises as a warning.

African elephant

African elephant
Elephants are social creatures. They sometimes hug by wrapping their trunks together in displays of greeting and affection. Elephants also use their trunks to help lift or nudge an elephant calf over an obstacle, to rescue a fellow elephant stuck in mud, or to gently raise a newborn elephant to its feet. And just as a human baby sucks its thumb, an elephant calf often sucks its trunk for comfort. One elephant can eat 300 pounds (136 kilograms) of food in one day.
 

African elephant

People hunt elephants mainly for their ivory tusks. Adult females and young travel in herds, while adult males generally travel alone or in groups of their own.

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Plants: The Lungs of the Earth

Tree

The service provided by plants for the sustenance of the biological world is unique. Plants are the cheapest and effective natural mechanisam for the purification of air.plants offer great service to the biological world by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releasing oxygen.it is estimated that plants give out approximately 118 kilograms of oxygen when they use one tonne carbon dioxide.As the plant cover on the earth decreases, this recycling mechanism stops and air pollution become severe.observe the pictures. Based on the indicators prepare a note on the importance of plants.

                                     

Tree

A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typically contains woody tissue for strength, and vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees it is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely; they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the branches divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which capture light energy and convert it into sugars by photosynthesis, providing the food for the tree's growth and development.

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Threatened species

India is home to a number of threatened species, many of which are not too well known. These often neglected species from the backbone of differend ecosystems. Some of these species are:
            GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD                         

Indian Bustard

Indian Bustard

Indian Bustard

Indian Bustard

The great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) is endemic to the indian subcontinent. Currently, only about 300 birds exist in the world with no known breeding populations outside India. They are found in fragmented locations in just 5 states: Andhra pradesh, karnataka, Madhya pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. It is the state bird of Rajasthan. Degradation of grasslands that are needed for their survival and illegal hunting are main causes for decline in their population.
                      SARUS CRANE
                               

Sarus crane

Sarus crane

The sarus crane(Grus antigone) is the only resident crane of india.At 155cm, it it is the tallest of the Indian cranes. It is also the tallest flying bird in the world. The sarus serves as an indicator species for wetlands. Of the estimated 8,000 to 10,000 birds in the country, 2,500 to 3,000 are found in uttar pradesh, which has Adopted the sarus crane as its state bird. Loss of wetlands is the major reason for the decline of the sarus.
                      RED PANDA
                             

Red panda

Red panda

The red panda(Ailurus fulgens), also known sometimes as firecat and lesser panda. Is largely herbivorus. Majority of the indian population occurs in Arunachal pradesh. Red panda numbers are declining over much of their range due to deforestation and habitat loss. They are also hunted for their pelt, which is used to make traditional hats and clothing in china.
                    NILAGIRI TAHR
                               

Nilagiri tahr

Nilagiri tahr

The Nilagiri tahr(Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is endemic to the Nilagiri Hills and the southern portion of the western Ghats. It is the state animal of Thamil Nadu. Adult males develop a light grey area or "saddle" on their backs and are hence called "saddlebacks". There are around 2200 to 2500 individuals in the wild. The species has been under severe stress on account of illegal hunting, construction of numerous hydroelectric projects, timber felling and monoculture plantation of eucalyptus and wattles.
                   WWF- India not only works towards the conservation of charismatic species such as the tiger, elephant and rhinoceros, but along for the conservation of many lesser-known species which are equally threatened, or are on the verge of extinction.

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Songbirds

Song bird

 Songbirds are nature's finest songsters. The vocal organ of these group of birds is higly develoed.This enables them to produce a wide variety of sounds, warblers,tanagers,cardinals,robins,wrens, finches and hundreads of other species make up this diverse group of birds.

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Kadalundi Bird Sancturies

                                       

Entrance of kadalundi bird sanctuary

Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary is the bird watchers paradise as it provides shelters to more than hundred verities of migratory and native birds.

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Domestication and photos of domesticated animals

                                

Domesticated wheat 

Domestication means the change in animals and plants,when they are kept by humens in long time. Weat is an example for 

domesticated plant.

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Some Images of Wildelife sanctuaries in India

The wildlife network of India includes 514 wildlife sanctuaries. Network also includes 99 National parks, 41 conservation reserves and 4 community reserves. It covers a total area of 155980 sq-km of the total land. India have been extremely successful in conserving the wildlife of India. They are the ideal place to witness the imposing beauty of the forests and their endless range of wildlife.

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About My Blog : WILDELIFE BUCKET

Universal wildlife sanctuary, is a naturally occurring sanctuary, such as a forest,island That provides protection for species from hunting.

Wildlife

                  Wilde Life is a supernatural adventure/horror series set in a small town in rural Oklahoma. It focuses on stories about creatures from Native American mythology as witnessed and documented by a journalist from Chicago, Illinois. It launched on September 29th, 2014 and is written and illustrated by Pascalle Lepas.

http://wildlifebucket.blogspot.com/2017/09/aralam-wildlife-sanctuary.html

Wildlife

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List of wildlife sancturies in kerala And its starting year

List of wildlife sancturies in kerala  And  its starting year
                                             
                                              1.  Periyar National park-1987

                                              2.  Wayanad                      -1973
                                             

                                              3.  parambikulam             -1973  
                                                   Wildlife sanctuaries

                                             4.  Neyyar                           -1958

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Aralam wildlife sanctuary

               

Entrance

Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary is the northernmost wildlife sanctuary of Kerala, southwest India. It is 55 km2 (21 sq mi) in area and located on the western slope of the Western Ghats. It was established in 1984. The headquarters of the sanctuary is near Iritty. Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the southeast part of Kannur District. It lies between 11° 54′ and 11° 59′ north latitude and 75° 47′ and 75° 57′ east longitude.
Also read: Aralam wildlife sanctuary

             Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary

The sanctuary area falls in Aralam, Kelakam and Kottiyoor revenue villages and is located in the northwest slopes of Western Ghats contiguous with the forests of Coorg (Kodagu) district of Karnataka state.
                                 

                    The PA (protected area) consists of Aralam Range, the only range of Aralam wildlife division, which is part of Northern Wildlife Circle (Northern Region) Palakkad. The extent of the sanctuary is 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi). The sanctuary was constituted in 1984 as per GO (P) 300/84/AD dated 15 October 1984.
It was formed by carving out areas from the Odanthode Malavaram of Thalassery special division which was an erstwhile private forest, subsequently taken over by Govt. as per the provisions of the Kerala Private Forests (vesting and assignment) Act 1971 and from the Kottiyoor RF of Wayanad Forest Division.
                                   

                               
The vested Forrest portion of the sanctuary is 32.64 square kilometres (12.60 sq mi) and the 22.36 km2 is part of Kottiyoor RF (Reserved Forest).
           Till 30.6.98 this sanctuary was a range in Wayanad Wildlife Division. It started functioning as an independent wildlife division since 1.7.98 as per GO (MS) 36/98 dated 27.5.98.
                                       In the First Management Plan the entire area was divided into two zones viz: the Core Zone and the Buffer Zone.Climatic factors include rainfall, temperature, humidity, frost and so on.

Average rainfall: 4000 mm
Temperature: 11.0°C to 40.0°C
Humidity: 60 to 100 %
Wind: Regular wind during Southwest monsoon
Water source: Cheenkannipuzha

Conditions
                         Rainfall
Rainfall data available in the Central State Farm, Aralam, which is just adjoining to the sanctuary area has been analysed. Major source of moisture in the tract is in the form of rainfall. The total annual rainfall seldom falls below 4000 mm. The maximum annual value for the nine years data available is 5052.60 mm and the minimum is 3745.50 mm. In specialised localities, in the higher reaches (where there are no rain gauges), the rainfall goes as high as over 6000 mm. Most (more than 70%) of the rainfall is obtained during the southwest monsoon in June, July and August months.
                    The retreating monsoon though less pronounced, is an important source of moisture in October, November and December, which constitutes 14% of the total. Summer rains vary widely and is not dependable.
                         In the Peninsular India the vegetation type and growing period are determined by the extent of dry period rather than by the amount of rainfall.
           The spread of rainy days across time (around the year) is a crucial determining factor in the plant growth. The dry period in the area varies between three and four months when the monthly rainfall is below 50 mm, and the number of rainy days varies from 100 to 120. Variation is observed in the quantity of rainfall as the altitude changes to higher levels.

                  Temperature
The temperature at the foothills varies from 11.0°C to 40.0°C. The diurnal variations are moderate. As the altitude increases the variation is comparatively small, between 8.0°C and 25.0°C. The hottest months are April and May. December to February is relatively cool.

                          Humidity
At the foothills the humidity varies from 60% to 100%.

                            Winds
Regular winds lash the area during the southwest monsoon period. Strong winds of dry nature blow from September to April, causing dryness in the locality with the result there is a fire hazard, especially in the deciduous forests.
                       Microclimate
८Locations where very high rainfall and peculiar soil conditions in the folds of the hills bring in specialised microclimatic situations leading to a peculiar habitat, which supports relatively specialised vegetation. Such portions are found here and there on the higher reaches.

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